Third Molar Comparison in Class I and II Extraction and Non-extraction Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.

Objective: This study compared third molar angulation and eruption status in Class I and II malocclusions after orthodontic treatment with and without first premolar extractions. Methods: The sample comprised 93 patients divided into four groups: Group 1, Class I malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; Group 2, Class I malocclusion treated without extractions; Group 3, Class II malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; and Group 4, Class II malocclusion treated without extractions. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the third molar mesiodistal angulations at T1 (pretreatment), T2 (posttreatment), and T3 (long-term posttreatment). Third molar eruption status was assessed in dental casts. Intergroup angulations and eruption status comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Results: Significantly greater mesial angulation and percentage of erupted right maxillary third molars were observed in the Class I extraction group. Significantly greater eruption status of the right mandibular third molars was observed in the Class I and Class II malocclusion extraction groups. Conclusion: Class I and II malocclusion extraction treatment exhibited more favorable angulations and a greater number of erupted third molars than non-extraction treatment. The non-extraction groups exhibited a greater percentage of unerupted third molars.

Effect of poly-L-lactic acid and polydioxanone biostimulators on type I and III collagen biosynthesis.

OBJECTIVE: Safe, effective, and biocompatible minimally invasive procedures with the potential to stimulate collagen production have been made to recover dermal thickness and skin quality. The main of this animal model experiment was to observe the effect of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and polydioxanone (PDO) biostimulators in collagen I and III after hypodermal injection. METHODOLOGY: Sixteen adult female rats (Wistar) were randomized into four groups and had dorsal treatment with: G1: hypodermic subcision (HS) only; G2: HS and PLLA hypodermic injection (HI), G3: HS and PDO HI; G4: Control, with no treatment. RESULTS: In histochemical, it was observed hypodermal and dermal tissue in more organized thickness in G3 and in G4 when compared to G1 and G2. There was few difference in G1 compared to G4. The tissue of G2 showed irregularities in the arrangement of collagen fibers, less defined structure and lower distribution of type I collagen compared to the other groups. There is a greater tendency for the proportions of type III collagen among tissues treated with both biostimulators (G2 and G3). PLLA and PDO had relatively similar percentages of collagen when compared to G4. The amount of type I collagen was higher in tissues treated with subcision, while type III collagen was higher in tissues treated with both biostimulators. CONCLUSION: G3 showed better performance in collagen production, although small, when compared with G2.

Comparison of the efficiency of initial dental alignment with Invisalign® aligners changed every 7 or 14 days in mature adults: Randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the anterior crowding correction after sequential use of the first 5 aligners between two aligner exchange protocols (7 and 14 days) in mature adult patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients over 35 years who received orthodontic treatment with Invisalign® were randomly allocated to two different aligner replacement sequence protocols: Group 1: exchange every 7 days (n = 18); and Group 2: exchange every 14 days (n = 18). All patients were scanned with iTero Element 5D® (Align Technology) in two treatment times: at pre-treatment (T1) and after using the first five aligners (T2). Little's Irregularity Index (LII) and arch widths were evaluated with OrthoCAD software. Intra and intergroup comparisons were performed with the dependent and independent t-tests. The results were considered significant for P < .05. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients completed the study. Both groups' maxillary and mandibular Irregularity Indexesi were significantly lower at T2. There was no significant difference in inter-canine, inter-premolar, and intermolar distances. G2 (14 days) presented a greater decrease in mandibular irregularity than G1 (7 days). CONCLUSION: Both exchange protocols (7 and 14 days) effectively correct anterior crowding in the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with aligners in mature adult patients. However, the 14-day exchange protocol provided a greater correction in mandibular anterior crowding in the evaluated period than the 7-day exchange protocol.

Assessment of patients' knowledge and preferences for the use of orthodontic aligners.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and preference of patients treated at a Dental School in Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, about using aligners and the reasons for choosing this device as a treatment option. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 82 participants aged 18-45 years recruited at a screening clinic. METHODS: A questionnaire was completed in person using a tablet with digital forms. RESULTS: Almost half of the participants (49%) knew about aligners; 40% were aged 18-24 years, and 77% were female. When observing the images of the types of orthodontic appliances, the aligners had an acceptance rate of 80%. Among the reasons that led to the preference for choosing aligners, 68% cited aesthetics and 42% comfort. CONCLUSION: Recently, clear aligners have become a popular choice for orthodontic treatment, particularly among adults. Despite their popularity and effectiveness, many patients still need more information about aligner treatment. Over half of the respondents did not know what orthodontic aligners were. Younger participants had more knowledge about aligners than older participants. Patients still need more knowledge about the types of appliances available for orthodontic treatment. When presented with images of the kinds of devices available, almost 80% of participants showed greater satisfaction with aligners.

Long-term profile attractiveness of patients with Class I and II malocclusion treated with and without extractions: A 35-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the profile attractiveness in subjects treated with and without extractions after the long-term 35-year follow-up, according to laypeople, dentists, and orthodontists. METHODS: A total of 40 patients with Class I and II malocclusion were divided into 2 groups, according to the treatment protocol: extraction (E) group, extractions of 4 premolars (n = 24), with mean pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term posttreatment (T3) ages of 13.13, 15.50 and 49.56 years, respectively. The mean treatment time (T2 - T1) was 2.37 years, and the long-term follow-up (T3 - T2) was 34.19. Nonextraction (NE) group (n = 16), with mean ages at T1, T2, and T3 of 13.21, 15.07, and 50.32 years, respectively. The mean (T2 - T1) was 1.86 years, and the (T3 - T2) was 35.25 years. Lateral cephalograms were used to perform profile facial silhouettes, and an online evaluation was performed by 72 laypeople, 63 dentists, and 65 orthodontists, rating the attractiveness from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). The intragroup comparison was performed with the repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests. Intergroup comparison was performed with t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and Tukey tests. RESULTS: The E group had a longer treatment time than that of the NE group. In the pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term posttreatment stages, the E and NE groups showed similar profile attractiveness. Laypersons and dentists were more critical than orthodontists. CONCLUSIONS: At long-term posttreatment follow-up, profile attractiveness was similar in patients treated with and without extractions.

Comparison of maxillary transversal changes between auxiliary beta-titanium expansion arch and miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion.

OBJECTIVE(S): This study compared buccal bone thickness, dental inclinations and maxillary transverse width dimensions changes between auxiliary beta-titanium expansion arch (AEA) and miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 29 patients, aged between 18 and 40 years, with transverse maxillary deficiency and treated without extractions, divided into two groups: group AEA: comprised 13 individuals (initial mean age: 29.23 ± 9.13 years) treated using auxiliary beta-titanium expansion arch; group MARPE: comprised 16 patients (initial mean age: 24.92 ± 7.60 years) treated with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion. Buccal bone thickness, dental inclinations and transverse width dimensions (dental, nasal base and jugular) were measured in cone-bean computed tomographies at pre- and post-treatment stages. The variables were compared using the independent t-test. RESULTS: The buccal bone thickness was similar for both groups at the post-treatment stage. The second premolars were significantly more buccal inclined in the AEA group and the right maxillary first molars in the MARPE group. The intercanine and intermolar distances were statistically significantly greater in the MARPE group. Changes in dental arch transverse dimensions were significantly greater for the MARPE group. CONCLUSION: Both treatment protocols corrected the maxillary transverse discrepancy; however, MARPE provided greater correction.

Incisors' bone height and inclination changes after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the alveolar buccal bone height of maxillary and mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system and to assess the correlation between bone height and incisor inclination. Material and Methods: Pre (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography images of patients treated with the Damon 3MX appliance system were measured to quantify the alveolar buccal bone height of the maxillary incisors. The incisor's inclination was measured in digital models. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes between T1 and T2, and Pearson's coefficient was used to test the correlation. Results: All teeth presented statistically significant alveolar buccal bone loss at T2. A statistically significant buccal inclination was observed only for the lower left lateral incisors. There was no correlation between bone height changes and incisor inclination. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment with a self-ligating passive system showed changes in alveolar height, but these changes were not correlated with incisor inclination. Key words:Passive self-ligating brackets, orthodontics, corrective, treatment outcome, alveolar bone loss.

Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Negative COVID-19 Outcomes and Their Relation to Socioeconomic Indicators in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze maternal risk factors associated with negative outcomes of COVID-19 and association with socioeconomic indicators in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, with data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Flu) of pregnant women with COVID-19 and cases of hospitalization and death. For the analysis of risk factors and outcomes, the multiple logistic regression method was used. RESULTS: Pregnant women who had some risk factor represented 47.04%. The chance of death was 2.48 times greater when there was a risk factor, 1.55 for ICU admission and 1.43 for use of ventilatory support. The percentage of cure was 79.64%, 15.46% without any negative outcome, 4.65% death and 0.26% death from other causes. Pregnant women who did not take the vaccine represented 30.08%, 16.74% took it and 53.18% were not specified. The variables HDI, illiteracy, per capita income and urbanization did not influence the cases of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as age, obesity, asthma and pregnancy were responsible for the increase in hospitalizations, respiratory complications and death. Vaccination reduced the risk of negative outcomes by 50%. There were no correlations between socioeconomic indicators and the negative outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

Influence of the third molar presence on the thickness and height of the buccal cortical bone of the mandibular first and second molars.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the presence of the third molars on the thickness and height of the buccal cortical bone of the first and second mandibular molars. Material and Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional observational sample consisted of 102 CBCTs of patients (mean age of 29 years), divided into two groups: G1: 51 patients (26 female; 25 male, mean age of 26 years) presenting the mandibular third molars and G2: 51 patients (26 female; 25 male, mean age of 32 years) with the absence of the mandibular third molars. The total and the cortical depth were evaluated at 4 and 6mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The total thickness of the buccal bone was evaluated in two horizontal reference lines located apically 6 mm and 11 mm from the CEJ. Statistical comparisons were performed with Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results: In the comparison of buccal bone thickness and height between the groups, there was a statistical difference in tooth 36. In tooth 37 there was a statistical difference in the mesial root. For tooth 47, there was a statistical difference for the total thickness at 6mm, 11mm and 4mm. Concerning age, there was a tendency to decrease the values of these variables with increasing age. Conclusions: The mean values for buccal bone thickness, total and cortical depth of the mandibular molars were higher for patients with mandibular third molars because the buccal bone thickness of the mandibular molars increased in the posterior and apical direction. Key words:Molar tooth, jaw, bone, orthodontic anchorage procedures, cone-beam computed tomography.

Correlation of age and skeletal effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion.

Background: To evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects after miniscrew assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and their correlation with the age of the patients. Settings and sample population: Sample comprised 19 patients with maxillary atresia and posterior crossbite, treated with MARPE. Cone-beam computed tomographs (CBCT) were evaluated before and after expansion. Three patients were excluded since the midpalatal suture was not opened. Thus, 16 patients (11 female; 5 male) were evaluated, with a mean age of 24.92 years (s.d.=7.60). The time between the installation of MARPE and the second CBCT was, on average, 1.64 months (s.d.=1.12). Material and Methods: Linear and angular measurements were performed: bone thickness and level, tooth inclination, transverse dental widths, and nasal base and jugula widths. Comparison was performed with dependent t-test and correlations with Pearson coefficient. Results: MARPE was 84.2% successful. There was significant reduction in the buccal bone thickness of the first molars and an increase in the palatal bone thickness of all teeth. First molars showed significant buccal inclination. All transverse dimensions showed a significant increase. Older patients tended to show a less maxillary transverse skeletal increase. A greater maxillary transverse increase was accompanied by a greater intermolar width increase and also a greater buccal bone loss in the mesiobuccal roots of the maxillary first molars. Conclusions: MARPE corrected the maxillary atresia in adult patients, with significant transverse increases, a slight decrease in buccal bone thickness and buccal inclination of the first molars, combining skeletal and dental effects. Older patients presented less transverse skeletal increases. Key words:Palatal expansion technique, skeletal anchorage, cone-beam computed tomography.

Incisor irregularity and dental arch dimensions changes in subjects with different severity of anterior crowding: a 37-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Occlusal stability is one of the goals of orthodontic treatment, and keeping teeth aligned in the long term is a challenge for the orthodontist. This study aimed to compare the long-term incisors irregularity and dental arches dimensions changes in subjects treated with 4 premolar extractions with different pretreatment Little's irregularity index (LII). The knowledge of long-term outcomes is evidence-based information for the prognosis of future treatments. METHODS: In total, 41 treated subjects were divided into two groups according to mandibular Little irregularity value at pretreatment (mild or severe). The maxillary and mandibular LII, transversal, and longitudinal widths were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 37-year posttreatment. Chi-square and independent t tests were used for intergroup comparison. RESULTS: The groups presented similar behavior for all stages of maxillary and mandibular arch dimensions changes. Maxillary irregularity was corrected in both groups after treatment, and the alignment was acceptable in the long term. In the mild group, the mandibular incisor irregularity returned to pretreatment values in the long term. The mandibular LII increased in the severe group but did not return to pretreatment values in the long term. CONCLUSIONS: The mild crowding group presented proportionally more relapse of mandibular incisor irregularity than the severe crowding group in the long term. Even so, the correction of mild and severe crowding with the extraction of 4 premolars showed satisfactory results in the long term, even with the presence of maturational changes and relapse.

Evaluation of the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling with hyaluronic acid.

To compare the attractiveness of lips with different volumes after filling in the view of laypersons, dentists, and specialists. The sample comprised close-up frontal and lateral photographs of the lips of 16 women who underwent lip filling procedure with hyaluronic acid and was divided into 2 groups. Group 1: eight women with thinner lips at pretreatment. Group 2: eight female patients with thicker lips at pretreatment. Photographs from before and 10 days after lip filling were used to assess attractiveness randomly displayed in a Google Forms questionnaire and then sent via a messaging app to the evaluators. The evaluators' groups were general dentists, dentists with degrees in facial aesthetics, and laypersons. The attractiveness was evaluated with scores from 0 to 10 (0: least attractive and 10 the greatest). T-tests were used for the statistical comparisons. The group with thinner lips showed significantly improved attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips showed a worsening attractiveness after filling. The group with thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than those with thinner lips. There was no significant difference in the preference between men and women. The group of laypersons was more rigorous, giving significantly lower lip attractiveness scores. Thinner lips showed a significant improvement in attractiveness after filling. Thicker lips showed a worsening of the attractiveness score after filling. Before and after filling, thicker lips had significantly higher attractiveness scores than thinner lips.Clinical relevance: The amount of fillers applied to each patient must be individually evaluated.

Mandibular asymmetry retreatment with minimal presurgical orthodontic preparation and fully customized lingual orthodontics: A case report with new possibilities using blender open-source software.

New possibilities such as Surgery-first and Minimal Presurgical Orthodontics have become extra alternatives for patients, orthodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, with immediate facial improvements, reduced preparation time, and shorter treatment time. The purpose of this case report was to demonstrate the retreatment of a female patient, dissatisfied with the instability of the compensatory orthodontic treatment, chin deviation, and forward inclination of the maxillary incisors, which was successfully treated with Minimal Presurgical Orthodontic approach associated with customized lingual brackets and virtual planning on the open-source Blender 3D software, where the post-surgical maxillary lingual brackets were also designed. Orthodontic preparation was performed in 5 months. After surgery, orthodontic treatment was finished with the aid of mini-implants and miniplates. The total treatment time was 18 months. Great facial and occlusal results were obtained and the patient was satisfied. Overall, all treatment steps were performed following a digital workflow and open-source software. It is possible to conclude that Minimal Presurgical Orthodontic Preparation was an excellent alternative for the retreatment of this patient with mandibular asymmetry and increased treatment expectations. Additionally, the surgical planning and design of lingual braces with open-source software can be considered useful and low-cost alternatives for orthodontists.

Abordagem ortodôntica de má oclusão originada de uma autointervenção ­ relato de caso / Orthodontic approach to malocclusion originating from a self-intervention ­ case report

Resumo A automedicação, uma conduta realizada pelos pacientes com o objetivo de aliviar alguns sintomas de desconforto, é extremamente condenada pelos profissionais da saúde pelas possíveis consequências negativas que este ato pode causar, podendo gerar sequelas graves e irreversíveis. Tal situação não é diferente na Odontologia, quando os pacientes realizam procedimentos domésticos para camuflar um problema odontológico, principalmente quando há um comprometimento importante da estética do sorriso. O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar uma abordagem de tratamento multidisciplinar, a qual o ortodontista teve papel fundamental na correção dos efeitos adversos na oclusão causados pela autointervenção de uma paciente, que utilizou de artifícios domésticos para restabelecer de forma emergencial sua estética do sorriso. (AU)

Abstract Self-medication, a procedure performed by patients to relieve some symptoms of discomfort, is extremely disapproved of by health professionals for the possible negative consequences that this act can cause, which can generate serious and irreversible sequelae. Such a situation is no different in dentistry, when patients perform domestic procedures to camouflage a dental problem, especially when there is an important commitment to the smile's aesthetics. The aim of this article is to report a multidisciplinary treatment approach, one in which the orthodontist played a relevant role in correcting the adverse effects of the occlusion caused by the self-intervention of a patient, who used domestic devices to urgently restore her smile aesthetics (AU)

Comparison of Gingival Recession of Mandibular Incisors of Class III Patients Immediately after Compensatory or Surgical Orthodontic Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare gingival recession in mandibular anterior teeth in patients with Class III malocclusion, immediately after compensatory or surgical orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with Class III malocclusion, divided into two groups: Group 1 (compensatory), 20 patients treated with compensatory orthodontics, with a mean initial age of 20.26 years (standard deviation [SD] . = 7.44), mean final age of 23.07 years (SD = 7.32), and mean treatment time of 2.81 years (SD =0.84). Group 2 (surgical), who undergone orthodontic-surgical treatment, with a mean initial age of 23.08 years (SD =5.48), mean final age of 25.43 years (SD =5.12), and mean treatment time of 2.35 years (SD =1.56). Intraoral photographs taken before and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance were used to measure the gingival recession, from the cervical of the mandibular incisors from the most cervical point of the gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction. In the initial and final cephalograms, the position of the mandibular incisors was measured. The intergroup comparison was performed using the independent t-test. RESULTS: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the gingival recession at the beginning, at the end, and of changes with treatment between the compensatory and surgical groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the compensatory and surgical orthodontic treatments for Class III malocclusion showed similar results regarding the gingival recession of the mandibular incisors.

Efficacy of products for bleaching and whitening under orthodontic brackets.

INTRODUCTION: Many patients wearing orthodontic appliances request alterations in the shade of their teeth during orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different products for bleaching and whitening under orthodontic brackets. METHODS: Seventy bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n = 14): C) non-whitening toothpaste (control); WTsi) hydrated silica whitening toothpaste; WThp) 2% hydrogen peroxide whitening toothpaste; OB) in-office bleaching; and HB) at-home bleaching. Two buccal surface areas were evaluated using the Easyshade spectrophotometer: under the metal bracket (experimental) and around the bracket (control). The paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Intragroup comparisons showed that in groups C, WThp and HB, there were statistically significant differences in the enamel color changes (ΔEab) between under and around the bracket areas (C - under bracket = 7.97 ± 2.35, around bracket = 2.86 ± 0.81, p< 0.01; WThp - under bracket = 4.69 ± 2.98, around bracket = 2.05 ± 1.41, p< 0.01; HB - under bracket = 7.41 ± 2.89, around bracket: 9.86 ± 3.32, p= 0.02). Groups WTsi, OB and HB presented similar perception of tooth whiteness (ΔWID) between the tested areas. Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that under the bracket area, the color change (ΔEab) was similar for all groups, except WThp (C = 7.97 ± 2.35; WTsi = 8.54 ± 3.63; WThp = 4.69 ± 2.98; OB = 9.31 ± 4.32; HB = 7.41 ± 2.89; p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The dental color changes were effective for the products tested in groups WTsi, OB and HB in the presence of metallic orthodontic brackets.

Evaluation of enamel deproteinization in bond strength of orthodontic accessories: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: This split-mouth randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the influence of dental enamel deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite on orthodontic accessories breakages using 2 orthodontic adhesives. METHODS: Forty patients with indications for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the orthodontic adhesive used: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) (n = 20) and Orthocem (FGM Dental Products, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil) (n = 20). A split-mouth trial was conducted in the maxillary teeth; the deproteinization process with 5% sodium hypochlorite was performed on the experimental side. The opposite side served as a control without deproteinization. The primary outcome was the number of orthodontic accessories breakages. The randomization was performed using the BioStat software (AnalystSoft Inc, Walnut, Calif). Single-blind was applied for patients. Orthodontic accessories were bonded according to the manufacturer's instructions. The accessories breakages were followed during the first 6 months of treatment. Intergroup comparisons were performed with t tests and 1 and 2-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients concluded the trial. The Transbond XT group comprised 20 patients (9 male, 11 female), with a mean age of 20.77 ± 6.44 years. The Orthocem group included 19 patients (9 male, 10 female), with a mean age of 23.14 ± 7.98 years. The application of sodium hypochlorite before bonding did not influence the number of orthodontic accessories breakages (P = 0.867). The type of adhesive used, associated or not with the deproteinization, did not affect the number of orthodontic accessories breakages (P = 0.929). CONCLUSIONS: Enamel deproteinization with 5% sodium hypochlorite did not impact the number of orthodontic accessories breakages. In addition, the 2 bonding adhesives used showed similar clinical results, with or without the enamel deproteinization. REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, ReBEC (no. RBR-39ntmjk). PROTOCOL: The protocol was not published before trial commencement. FUNDING: This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies.

Ação clareadora e microbiológica do enxaguante bucal com peróxido de hidrogênio: ensaio clínico / Whitening and microbiological action of mouthwash with hydrogen peroxide: clinical trial

Introdução: os enxaguantes bucais clareadores tem sido muito utilizados, porém sua eficiência e efeitos colaterais trazem questionamentos. Objetivo: este ensaio clínico teve como objetivo avaliar se o enxaguante bucal clareador, contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5%, apresenta ação clareadora e se há algum efeito secundário na cavidade bucal. Metodologia: foram selecionados 10 voluntários com idade média de 21,5 anos, submetidos a avaliação da cor dos dentes com auxílio do espectrômetro em 3 momentos: inicial; com 15 e com 30 dias de uso do enxaguante. A avaliação dos efeitos colaterais foi realizada a partir da coleta de saliva estimulada em 4 momentos: antes e depois ao primeiro uso do produto, com 15 e com 30 dias, e realizadas as análises laboratoriais: fluxo salivar; pH; quantidade de Streptococcus mutans e de Lactobacillus. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, comparação de cor pelo teste t dependente, comparação dos microrganismos pelos testes ANOVA de medidas repetida e Tukey. Resultados: as análises de cor dos dentes não evidenciaram nenhuma alteração significativa em nenhum dos tempos investigados. No fluxo salivar, pH e Lactobacillus não houveram alterações significativas. Na quantidade de Streptococcus mutans notou-se um aumento significativo quando comparado os valores após o primeiro uso e com 30 dias. Conclusão: a solução de enxague bucal contendo peróxido de hidrogênio a 1,5% não apresentou alteração significativa na coloração dos dentes e nenhum efeito colateral significativo na atividade cariogênica de acordo com os testes e períodos avaliados.

Introduction: whitening mouthwashes have been widely used, but their efficiency and side effects raise questions. Objective: this clinical trial aimed to assess whether the bleaching mouthwash, containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, has a bleaching action and whether there are any side effects in the oral cavity. Methods: 10 volunteers were selected, with a mean age of 21.5 years, who underwent tooth color evaluation with the aid of a spectrometer in 3 moments: initial; with 15 and 30 days of using the washes. The evaluation of side effects was performed from the collection of stimulated saliva in 4 moments: before and after the first use of the product, at 15 and 30 days, and laboratory analyzes were carried out: salivary flow; pH; the number of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Normal distribution was verified with Shapiro-Wilk test, comparisons of color were performed with t-test, comparisons of the microorganisms were performed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: the analysis did not show any significant changes in any of the investigated times. There were no significant changes in the salivary flow, pH and Lactobacillus. The number of Streptococcus mutans, was noted a significant increase when comparing the values after the first use and with 30 days. Conclusion: the mouthwash containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide was not shown any significant alterations in the color teeth. There were not significant collateral effects on the cariogenic activity according to the tests and periods evaluated.

Gingival recession in mandibular anterior teeth in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with elastics and Twin Force appliance.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the early results of gingival recession in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with Class II intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance. METHODS: The sample comprised 55 patients with Class II malocclusion treated without extraction and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 23 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II elastics, with mean initial age of 15.41 ± 5.65 years and a mean treatment time of 3.11 ± 0.91 years. Group 2 consisted of 32 patients treated with fixed appliances and the Twin Force mandibular protraction appliance, with a mean initial age of 18.45 ± 6.63 years and a mean treatment time of 3.17 ± 1.59 years. Dolphin software measured gingival recession in initial and final intraoral photographs. Initial and final lateral cephalograms were used to measure the position of the mandibular incisors. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed by dependent and independent t tests, respectively. RESULTS: In both groups, there was no significant increase in gingival recession with orthodontic treatment, and there was significant protrusion and buccal inclination of the mandibular incisors. When changes with treatment were compared between the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in gingival recession and mandibular incisor position. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant increase in gingival recession immediately after orthodontic treatment performed with intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance.